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libcaca/examples/cacaview.c

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  1. /*

  2.  *  cacaview      image viewer for libcaca

  3.  *  Copyright (c) 2003 Sam Hocevar <sam@zoy.org>

  4.  *                All Rights Reserved

  5.  *

  6.  *  $Id$

  7.  *

  8.  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or

  9.  *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public

  10.  *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either

  11.  *  version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

  12.  *

  13.  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

  14.  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

  15.  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU

  16.  *  Lesser General Public License for more details.

  17.  *

  18.  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public

  19.  *  License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

  20.  *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA

  21.  *  02111-1307  USA

  22.  */

  23. 

  24. #include "config.h"

  25. 

  26. #include <stdio.h>

  27. #include <string.h>

  28. #include <malloc.h>

  29. #include <unistd.h>

  30. 

  31. #if defined(HAVE_IMLIB2_H)

  32. #   include <Imlib2.h>

  33. #else

  34. #   include <stdio.h>

  35. #endif

  36. 

  37. #include "caca.h"

  38. 

  39. /* Local macros */

  40. #define STATUS_DITHERING 1

  41. #define STATUS_ANTIALIASING 2

  42. #define STATUS_BACKGROUND 3

  43. 

  44. /* Local functions */

  45. static void load_image(const char *);

  46. static void unload_image(void);

  47. static void draw_checkers(unsigned int, unsigned int,

  48.                           unsigned int, unsigned int);

  49. #if !defined(HAVE_IMLIB2_H)

  50. static int freadint(FILE *);

  51. static int freadshort(FILE *);

  52. static int freadchar(FILE *);

  53. #endif

  54. 

  55. /* Local variables */

  56. #if defined(HAVE_IMLIB2_H)

  57. Imlib_Image image = NULL;

  58. #endif

  59. char *pixels = NULL;

  60. struct caca_bitmap *bitmap = NULL;

  61. int x, y;

  62. unsigned int w, h, depth, bpp, rmask, gmask, bmask, amask;

  63. #if !defined(HAVE_IMLIB2_H)

  64. unsigned int red[256], green[256], blue[256], alpha[256];

  65. #endif

  66. 

  67. int main(int argc, char **argv)

  68. {

  69.     int quit = 0, update = 1, help = 0, fullscreen = 0, status = 0;

  70.     int reload = 0, zoom = 0;

  71. 

  72.     char **list = NULL;

  73.     int current = 0, items = 0, opts = 1;

  74.     int i;

  75. 

  76.     /* Initialise libcaca */

  77.     if(caca_init())

  78.     {

  79.         fprintf(stderr, "%s: unable to initialise libcaca\n", argv[0]);

  80.         return 1;

  81.     }

  82. 

  83.     /* Load items into playlist */

  84.     for(i = 1; i < argc; i++)

  85.     {

  86.         /* Skip options except after `--' */

  87.         if(opts && argv[i][0] == '-')

  88.         {

  89.             if(argv[i][1] == '-' && argv[i][2] == '\0')

  90.                 opts = 0;

  91.             continue;

  92.         }

  93. 

  94.         /* Add argv[i] to the list */

  95.         if(items)

  96.             list = realloc(list, (items + 1) * sizeof(char *));

  97.         else

  98.             list = malloc(sizeof(char *));

  99.         list[items] = argv[i];

  100.         items++;

  101. 

  102.         reload = 1;

  103.     }

  104. 

  105.     /* Go ! */

  106.     while(!quit)

  107.     {

  108.         int ww = caca_get_width();

  109.         int wh = caca_get_height();

  110. 

  111.         int event, new_status = 0, new_help = 0;

  112. 

  113.         while((event = caca_get_event()))

  114.         {

  115.             switch(event)

  116.             {

  117.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'n':

  118.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'N':

  119.                 if(items) current = (current + 1) % items;

  120.                 reload = 1;

  121.                 break;

  122.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'p':

  123.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'P':

  124.                 if(items) current = (items + current - 1) % items;

  125.                 reload = 1;

  126.                 break;

  127.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'f':

  128.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'F':

  129.                 fullscreen = ~fullscreen;

  130.                 update = 1;

  131.                 break;

  132.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'b':

  133.                 i = 1 + caca_get_feature(CACA_BACKGROUND);

  134.                 if(i > CACA_BACKGROUND_MAX) i = CACA_BACKGROUND_MIN;

  135.                 caca_set_feature(i);

  136.                 new_status = STATUS_BACKGROUND;

  137.                 update = 1;

  138.                 break;

  139.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'B':

  140.                 i = -1 + caca_get_feature(CACA_BACKGROUND);

  141.                 if(i < CACA_BACKGROUND_MIN) i = CACA_BACKGROUND_MAX;

  142.                 caca_set_feature(i);

  143.                 new_status = STATUS_BACKGROUND;

  144.                 update = 1;

  145.                 break;

  146.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'a':

  147.                 i = 1 + caca_get_feature(CACA_ANTIALIASING);

  148.                 if(i > CACA_ANTIALIASING_MAX) i = CACA_ANTIALIASING_MIN;

  149.                 caca_set_feature(i);

  150.                 new_status = STATUS_ANTIALIASING;

  151.                 update = 1;

  152.                 break;

  153.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'A':

  154.                 i = -1 + caca_get_feature(CACA_ANTIALIASING);

  155.                 if(i < CACA_ANTIALIASING_MIN) i = CACA_ANTIALIASING_MAX;

  156.                 caca_set_feature(i);

  157.                 new_status = STATUS_ANTIALIASING;

  158.                 update = 1;

  159.                 break;

  160.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'd':

  161.                 i = 1 + caca_get_feature(CACA_DITHERING);

  162.                 if(i > CACA_DITHERING_MAX) i = CACA_DITHERING_MIN;

  163.                 caca_set_feature(i);

  164.                 new_status = STATUS_DITHERING;

  165.                 update = 1;

  166.                 break;

  167.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'D':

  168.                 i = -1 + caca_get_feature(CACA_DITHERING);

  169.                 if(i < CACA_DITHERING_MIN) i = CACA_DITHERING_MAX;

  170.                 caca_set_feature(i);

  171.                 new_status = STATUS_DITHERING;

  172.                 update = 1;

  173.                 break;

  174.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | '+':

  175.                 zoom++;

  176.                 if(zoom > 48) zoom = 48; else update = 1;

  177.                 break;

  178.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | '-':

  179.                 zoom--;

  180.                 if(zoom < -48) zoom = -48; else update = 1;

  181.                 break;

  182.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'x':

  183.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'X':

  184.                 zoom = 0;

  185.                 update = 1;

  186.                 break;

  187.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'k':

  188.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'K':

  189.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | CACA_KEY_UP:

  190.                 if(zoom > 0) y -= 1 + h / (2 + zoom) / 8;

  191.                 update = 1;

  192.                 break;

  193.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'j':

  194.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'J':

  195.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | CACA_KEY_DOWN:

  196.                 if(zoom > 0) y += 1 + h / (2 + zoom) / 8;

  197.                 update = 1;

  198.                 break;

  199.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'h':

  200.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'H':

  201.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | CACA_KEY_LEFT:

  202.                 if(zoom > 0) x -= 1 + w / (2 + zoom) / 8;

  203.                 update = 1;

  204.                 break;

  205.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'l':

  206.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'L':

  207.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | CACA_KEY_RIGHT:

  208.                 if(zoom > 0) x += 1 + w / (2 + zoom) / 8;

  209.                 update = 1;

  210.                 break;

  211.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | '?':

  212.                 new_help = !help;

  213.                 update = 1;

  214.                 break;

  215.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'q':

  216.             case CACA_EVENT_KEY_PRESS | 'Q':

  217.                 quit = 1;

  218.                 break;

  219.             }

  220. 

  221.             if(status || new_status)

  222.                 status = new_status;

  223. 

  224.             if(help || new_help)

  225.                 help = new_help;

  226.         }

  227. 

  228.         if(items && reload)

  229.         {

  230.             char *buffer;

  231.             int len = strlen(" Loading `%s'... ") + strlen(list[current]);

  232. 

  233.             if(len < ww + 1)

  234.                 len = ww + 1;

  235. 

  236.             buffer = malloc(len);

  237. 

  238.             /* Reset image-specific runtime variables */

  239.             zoom = 0;

  240. 

  241.             sprintf(buffer, " Loading `%s'... ", list[current]);

  242.             buffer[ww] = '\0';

  243.             caca_set_color(CACA_COLOR_WHITE, CACA_COLOR_BLUE);

  244.             caca_putstr((ww - strlen(buffer)) / 2, wh / 2, buffer);

  245.             caca_refresh();

  246. 

  247.             unload_image();

  248.             load_image(list[current]);

  249.             reload = 0;

  250.             update = 1;

  251. 

  252.             free(buffer);

  253.         }

  254. 

  255.         if(!update)

  256.         {

  257.             usleep(10000);

  258.             continue;

  259.         }

  260. 

  261.         caca_clear();

  262. 

  263.         if(!items)

  264.         {

  265.             caca_set_color(CACA_COLOR_WHITE, CACA_COLOR_BLUE);

  266.             caca_printf(ww / 2 - 5, wh / 2, " No image. ");

  267.         }

  268.         else if(!pixels)

  269.         {

  270.             char *buffer;

  271.             int len = strlen(" Error loading `%s'. ") + strlen(list[current]);

  272. 

  273.             if(len < ww + 1)

  274.                 len = ww + 1;

  275. 

  276.             buffer = malloc(len);

  277. 

  278.             sprintf(buffer, " Error loading `%s'. ", list[current]);

  279.             buffer[ww] = '\0';

  280.             caca_set_color(CACA_COLOR_WHITE, CACA_COLOR_BLUE);

  281.             caca_putstr((ww - strlen(buffer)) / 2, wh / 2, buffer);

  282.             free(buffer);

  283.         }

  284.         else if(zoom < 0)

  285.         {

  286.             int xo = (ww - 1) / 2;

  287.             int yo = (wh - 1) / 2;

  288.             int xn = (ww - 1) / (2 - zoom);

  289.             int yn = (wh - 1) / (2 - zoom);

  290.             draw_checkers(xo - xn, yo - yn, xo + xn, yo + yn);

  291.             caca_draw_bitmap(xo - xn, yo - yn, xo + xn, yo + yn,

  292.                              bitmap, pixels);

  293.         }

  294.         else if(zoom > 0)

  295.         {

  296.             struct caca_bitmap *newbitmap;

  297.             int xn = w / (2 + zoom);

  298.             int yn = h / (2 + zoom);

  299.             if(x < xn) x = xn;

  300.             if(y < yn) y = yn;

  301.             if(xn + x > (int)w) x = w - xn;

  302.             if(yn + y > (int)h) y = h - yn;

  303.             newbitmap = caca_create_bitmap(bpp, 2 * xn, 2 * yn, depth * w,

  304.                                            rmask, gmask, bmask, amask);

  305. #if !defined(HAVE_IMLIB2_H)

  306.             if(bpp == 8)

  307.                 caca_set_bitmap_palette(newbitmap, red, green, blue, alpha);

  308. #endif

  309.             draw_checkers(0, fullscreen ? 0 : 1,

  310.                           ww - 1, fullscreen ? wh - 1 : wh - 3);

  311.             caca_draw_bitmap(0, fullscreen ? 0 : 1,

  312.                              ww - 1, fullscreen ? wh - 1 : wh - 3,

  313.                              newbitmap,

  314.                              pixels + depth * (x - xn) + depth * w * (y - yn));

  315.             caca_free_bitmap(newbitmap);

  316.         }

  317.         else

  318.         {

  319.             draw_checkers(0, fullscreen ? 0 : 1,

  320.                           ww - 1, fullscreen ? wh - 1 : wh - 3);

  321.             caca_draw_bitmap(0, fullscreen ? 0 : 1,

  322.                              ww - 1, fullscreen ? wh - 1 : wh - 3,

  323.                              bitmap, pixels);

  324.         }

  325. 

  326.         if(!fullscreen)

  327.         {

  328.             caca_set_color(CACA_COLOR_WHITE, CACA_COLOR_BLUE);

  329.             caca_draw_line(0, 0, ww - 1, 0, ' ');

  330.             caca_draw_line(0, wh - 2, ww - 1, wh - 2, '-');

  331.             caca_putstr(0, 0, "q:Quit  np:Next/Prev  +-x:Zoom  "

  332.                               "hjkl:Move  d:Dithering  a:Antialias");

  333.             caca_putstr(ww - strlen("?:Help"), 0, "?:Help");

  334.             caca_printf(3, wh - 2, "cacaview %s", VERSION);

  335.             caca_printf(ww - 14, wh - 2,

  336.                         "(zoom: %s%i)", zoom > 0 ? "+" : "", zoom);

  337. 

  338.             caca_set_color(CACA_COLOR_LIGHTGRAY, CACA_COLOR_BLACK);

  339.             caca_draw_line(0, wh - 1, ww - 1, wh - 1, ' ');

  340.             switch(status)

  341.             {

  342.                 case STATUS_ANTIALIASING:

  343.                     caca_printf(0, wh - 1, "Antialiasing: %s",

  344.                   caca_get_feature_name(caca_get_feature(CACA_ANTIALIASING)));

  345.                     break;

  346.                 case STATUS_DITHERING:

  347.                     caca_printf(0, wh - 1, "Dithering: %s",

  348.                   caca_get_feature_name(caca_get_feature(CACA_DITHERING)));

  349.                     break;

  350.                 case STATUS_BACKGROUND:

  351.                     caca_printf(0, wh - 1, "Background: %s",

  352.                   caca_get_feature_name(caca_get_feature(CACA_BACKGROUND)));

  353.                     break;

  354.             }

  355.         }

  356. 

  357.         if(help)

  358.         {

  359.             caca_set_color(CACA_COLOR_WHITE, CACA_COLOR_BLUE);

  360.             caca_putstr(ww - 25, 2,  " +: zoom in             ");

  361.             caca_putstr(ww - 25, 3,  " -: zoom out            ");

  362.             caca_putstr(ww - 25, 4,  " x: reset zoom          ");

  363.             caca_putstr(ww - 25, 5,  " ---------------------- ");

  364.             caca_putstr(ww - 25, 6,  " hjkl: move view        ");

  365.             caca_putstr(ww - 25, 7,  " arrows: move view      ");

  366.             caca_putstr(ww - 25, 8,  " ---------------------- ");

  367.             caca_putstr(ww - 25, 9,  " a: antialiasing method ");

  368.             caca_putstr(ww - 25, 10, " d: dithering method    ");

  369.             caca_putstr(ww - 25, 11, " b: background mode     ");

  370.             caca_putstr(ww - 25, 12, " ---------------------- ");

  371.             caca_putstr(ww - 25, 13, " ?: help                ");

  372.             caca_putstr(ww - 25, 14, " q: quit                ");

  373.         }

  374. 

  375.         caca_refresh();

  376.         update = 0;

  377.     }

  378. 

  379.     /* Clean up */

  380.     unload_image();

  381.     caca_end();

  382. 

  383.     return 0;

  384. }

  385. 

  386. static void unload_image(void)

  387. {

  388. #if defined(HAVE_IMLIB2_H)

  389.     if(image)

  390.         imlib_free_image();

  391.     image = NULL;

  392.     pixels = NULL;

  393. #else

  394.     if(pixels)

  395.         free(pixels);

  396.     pixels = NULL;

  397. #endif

  398.     if(bitmap)

  399.         caca_free_bitmap(bitmap);

  400.     bitmap = NULL;

  401. }

  402. 

  403. static void load_image(const char *name)

  404. {

  405. #if defined(HAVE_IMLIB2_H)

  406.     /* Load the new image */

  407.     image = imlib_load_image(name);

  408. 

  409.     if(!image)

  410.         return;

  411. 

  412.     imlib_context_set_image(image);

  413.     pixels = (char *)imlib_image_get_data_for_reading_only();

  414.     w = imlib_image_get_width();

  415.     h = imlib_image_get_height();

  416.     rmask = 0x00ff0000;

  417.     gmask = 0x0000ff00;

  418.     bmask = 0x000000ff;

  419.     amask = 0xff000000;

  420.     bpp = 32;

  421.     depth = 4;

  422. 

  423.     /* Create the libcaca bitmap */

  424.     bitmap = caca_create_bitmap(bpp, w, h, depth * w,

  425.                                 rmask, gmask, bmask, amask);

  426.     if(!bitmap)

  427.     {

  428.         imlib_free_image();

  429.         image = NULL;

  430.     }

  431. 

  432. #else

  433.     /* Try to load a BMP file */

  434.     FILE *fp;

  435.     unsigned int i, colors, offset, tmp, planes;

  436. 

  437.     fp = fopen(name, "rb");

  438.     if(!fp)

  439.         return;

  440. 

  441.     if(freadshort(fp) != 0x4d42)

  442.     {

  443.         fclose(fp);

  444.         return;

  445.     }

  446. 

  447.     freadint(fp); /* size */

  448.     freadshort(fp); /* reserved 1 */

  449.     freadshort(fp); /* reserved 2 */

  450. 

  451.     offset = freadint(fp);

  452. 

  453.     tmp = freadint(fp); /* header size */

  454.     if(tmp == 40)

  455.     {

  456.         w = freadint(fp);

  457.         h = freadint(fp);

  458.         planes = freadshort(fp);

  459.         bpp = freadshort(fp);

  460. 

  461.         tmp = freadint(fp); /* compression */

  462.         if(tmp != 0)

  463.         {

  464.             fclose(fp);

  465.             return;

  466.         }

  467. 

  468.         freadint(fp); /* sizeimage */

  469.         freadint(fp); /* xpelspermeter */

  470.         freadint(fp); /* ypelspermeter */

  471.         freadint(fp); /* biclrused */

  472.         freadint(fp); /* biclrimportantn */

  473. 

  474.         colors = (offset - 54) / 4;

  475.         for(i = 0; i < colors && i < 256; i++)

  476.         {

  477.             blue[i] = freadchar(fp) * 16;

  478.             green[i] = freadchar(fp) * 16;

  479.             red[i] = freadchar(fp) * 16;

  480.             alpha[i] = 0;

  481.             freadchar(fp);

  482.         }

  483.     }

  484.     else if(tmp == 12)

  485.     {

  486.         w = freadint(fp);

  487.         h = freadint(fp);

  488.         planes = freadshort(fp);

  489.         bpp = freadshort(fp);

  490. 

  491.         colors = (offset - 26) / 3;

  492.         for(i = 0; i < colors && i < 256; i++)

  493.         {

  494.             blue[i] = freadchar(fp);

  495.             green[i] = freadchar(fp);

  496.             red[i] = freadchar(fp);

  497.             alpha[i] = 0;

  498.         }

  499.     }

  500.     else

  501.     {

  502.         fclose(fp);

  503.         return;

  504.     }

  505. 

  506.     /* Fill the rest of the palette */

  507.     for(i = colors; i < 256; i++)

  508.         blue[i] = green[i] = red[i] = alpha[i] = 0;

  509. 

  510.     depth = (bpp + 7) / 8;

  511. 

  512.     /* Sanity check */

  513.     if(!w || w > 0x10000 || !h || h > 0x10000 || planes != 1 /*|| bpp != 24*/)

  514.     {

  515.         fclose(fp);

  516.         return;

  517.     }

  518. 

  519.     /* Allocate the pixel buffer */

  520.     pixels = malloc(w * h * depth);

  521.     if(!pixels)

  522.     {

  523.         fclose(fp);

  524.         return;

  525.     }

  526. 

  527.     memset(pixels, 0, w * h * depth);

  528. 

  529.     /* Read the bitmap data */

  530.     for(i = h; i--; )

  531.     {

  532.         unsigned int j, k, bits = 0;

  533. 

  534.         switch(bpp)

  535.         {

  536.             case 1:

  537.                 for(j = 0; j < w; j++)

  538.                 {

  539.                     k = j % 32;

  540.                     if(k == 0)

  541.                         bits = freadint(fp);

  542.                     pixels[w * i * depth + j] =

  543.                         (bits >> ((k & ~0xf) + 0xf - (k & 0xf))) & 0x1;

  544.                 }

  545.                 break;

  546.             case 4:

  547.                 for(j = 0; j < w; j++)

  548.                 {

  549.                     k = j % 8;

  550.                     if(k == 0)

  551.                         bits = freadint(fp);

  552.                     pixels[w * i * depth + j] =

  553.                         (bits >> (4 * ((k & ~0x1) + 0x1 - (k & 0x1)))) & 0xf;

  554.                 }

  555.                 break;

  556.             default:

  557.                 /* Works for 8bpp, but also for 16, 24 etc. */

  558.                 fread(pixels + w * i * depth, w * depth, 1, fp);

  559.                 /* Pad reads to 4 bytes */

  560.                 tmp = (w * depth) % 4;

  561.                 tmp = (4 - tmp) % 4;

  562.                 while(tmp--)

  563.                     freadchar(fp);

  564.                 break;

  565.         }

  566.     }

  567. 

  568.     switch(depth)

  569.     {

  570.     case 3:

  571.         rmask = 0xff0000;

  572.         gmask = 0x00ff00;

  573.         bmask = 0x0000ff;

  574.         amask = 0x000000;

  575.         break;

  576.     case 2: /* XXX: those are the 16 bits values */

  577.         rmask = 0x7c00;

  578.         gmask = 0x03e0;

  579.         bmask = 0x001f;

  580.         amask = 0x0000;

  581.         break;

  582.     case 1:

  583.     default:

  584.         bpp = 8;

  585.         rmask = gmask = bmask = amask = 0;

  586.         break;

  587.     }

  588. 

  589.     fclose(fp);

  590. 

  591.     /* Create the libcaca bitmap */

  592.     bitmap = caca_create_bitmap(bpp, w, h, depth * w,

  593.                                 rmask, gmask, bmask, amask);

  594.     if(!bitmap)

  595.     {

  596.         free(pixels);

  597.         pixels = NULL;

  598.         return;

  599.     }

  600. 

  601.     if(bpp == 8)

  602.         caca_set_bitmap_palette(bitmap, red, green, blue, alpha);

  603. #endif

  604. 

  605.     x = w / 2;

  606.     y = h / 2;

  607. }

  608. 

  609. static void draw_checkers(unsigned int x1, unsigned int y1,

  610.                           unsigned int x2, unsigned int y2)

  611. {

  612.     unsigned int xn, yn;

  613. 

  614.     for(yn = y1; yn <= y2; yn++)

  615.         for(xn = x1; xn <= x2; xn++)

  616.     {

  617.         if((((xn - x1) / 5) ^ ((yn - y1) / 3)) & 1)

  618.             caca_set_color(CACA_COLOR_LIGHTGRAY, CACA_COLOR_DARKGRAY);

  619.         else

  620.             caca_set_color(CACA_COLOR_DARKGRAY, CACA_COLOR_LIGHTGRAY);

  621.         caca_putchar(xn, yn, ' ');

  622.     }

  623. }

  624. 

  625. #if !defined(HAVE_IMLIB2_H)

  626. static int freadint(FILE *fp)

  627. {

  628.     unsigned char buffer[4];

  629.     fread(buffer, 4, 1, fp);

  630.     return ((int)buffer[3] << 24) | ((int)buffer[2] << 16)

  631.              | ((int)buffer[1] << 8) | ((int)buffer[0]);

  632. }

  633. 

  634. static int freadshort(FILE *fp)

  635. {

  636.     unsigned char buffer[2];

  637.     fread(buffer, 2, 1, fp);

  638.     return ((int)buffer[1] << 8) | ((int)buffer[0]);

  639. }

  640. 

  641. static int freadchar(FILE *fp)

  642. {

  643.     unsigned char buffer;

  644.     fread(&buffer, 1, 1, fp);

  645.     return (int)buffer;

  646. }

  647. #endif