Add mingw-std-threads project to external/ for full C++11 thread support, fix
an incorrect Win32 fix I did in PEGTL, work around mingw’s <io.h> declaring a
conflicting eof symbol, and fix a capitalisation error in log.cpp.

The containers no longer force the user to use the ptrdiff_t type for
size information. For convenience, size() now always returns an int,
and the size_s() method offers a way to handle arrays with more than
2 billion elements. Internally, we still use ptrdiff_t, though.

Since so much code had to be changed, I took the opportunity to get
rid of capitalised accessors for classes that are lowercase.

point parsing, add support for unary plus and minus.